A New Synthesis of DL-β-Hydroxy-β-Methyl-δ-valerolactone

Double Reformatsky reaction: divergent synthesis of δ-hydroxy-β-ketoesters.

The double Reformatsky reaction, tandem addition of two molecules of zinc alkanoate to a carbonyl compound, and its synthetic application to a series of δ-hydroxy-β-ketoesters has been developed. The key to accelerate the double Reformatsky reaction is considered to be a complex-induced proximity effect of the in situ generated zinc alkoxide coordinated with the pyridyl group of the substrate o...

Histological and biochemical evaluation of supplementing broiler diet with β-hydroxy-methyl butyrate calcium (β-HMB-Ca)

Two hundred and sixteen day-old Ross-308 broiler chicks were allocated into 4 groups to study the impacts of different concentrations (0.0, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2%) of β-hydroxy-methyl butyrate calcium (β-HMB-Ca), on values of tri-iodothyronin (T3) and tetra-iodothyronin (T4) hormones, liver enzymes [aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)], uric acid, peroxide, malondial...

Regioselective Synthesis of Methylated β-Cyclodextrins Leaving Hydroxy Groups

A series of methylated β-cyclodextrins (CDs) regioselectively leaving one or two hydroxy groups were prepared, and fluorescence spectroscopic measurements showed that they have unique binding characteristics against 2-p-toluidinylnaphthalene-6-sulfonate as a guest molecule in aqueous solution.

Enteral β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate supplementation increases protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs.

Many low-birth weight infants are at risk for poor growth due to an inability to achieve adequate protein intake. Administration of the amino acid leucine stimulates protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of neonates. To determine the effects of enteral supplementation of the leucine metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on protein synthesis and the regulation of translation initiation and ...

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor β/δ (PPAR β/δ) as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Dyslipidemia